Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 PhD candidate in Architecture, University of Art, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, University of Art, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Urban green spaces as an essential component of contemporary cities are an important source of qualitative (aesthetic) and quantitative (per capita) features. Public parks and Community gardens, as two important areas of urban green spaces, have different opportunities and challenges in providing ecosystem services to the community. The most important difference is the position of society in the "space production process", which has led to the distinction between the two urban spheres. The emphasis on expanding the "social action" in the process of product and design of green spaces offers a new perspective on this urban space. In this regard, Community gardens1 can be described as a different spatial experience versus urban parks that are shaped by the actions of citizens and their active participation. "Community gardens with public access" refers to green spaces that are accessible to all at any time of the day; collectively managed by various interest groups in civil society, and in which formal obstacles for immediate participation by the public are absent to low. Official barriers are written regulations such as a contract, license, or ordering system. Studying Community gardens is essential for three reasons: First, these gardens are not only a source of natural value, but also a place to foster "social interaction". Where individuals have the opportunity to provide for their spiritual (stress, concentration and meditation) and physical (gardening and other physical) needs. Second, with proper organization, they will have the potential to be adopted by all different social groups and classes, where they are referred to as the "Cosmopolitan canopies". A diverse and heterogeneous space that not only provides the opportunity for daily rest, but also the opportunity to look and learn from other differences. Third, individuals from different groups and backgrounds work together on a piece of community garden land, thereby creating information networks and voluntary social activities that enhancing participation, as well as provide neighborhood control and security. In this article, after reviewing the concept of Community gardens, its features as a different spatial experience compared to urban parks are analyzed. This article is a type of descriptive-analytical articles; the information is collected through library method and then its conceptual dimensions are analyzed. The results show that community gardens have created a variety of public green spaces outside of formal planning structures formed by local residents and reflecting community needs for green spaces. In a holistic sense, it can be described as an illustration of the forms of sustainable urban development that "spring from below" which the active and empirical participation of citizens plays a key role.
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